of Mice and Men. How Does Steinbeck Present Curley’s...

Of Mice and Men- Curley’s wife. How does Steinbeck present Curley’s wife to the reader? What is her importance in the novel? In order to discuss how Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife to the reader one would determine that many readers would interpret her character and importance in many diversified ways. In this essay, one must elaborate on Steinbeck’s true definition of the one and only female in the novel. First and foremost other females in the novel are mentioned but not greeted with a presence like Curley’s wife. A girl that Lennie scares in ‘Weed’ is mentioned in a past tense and most importantly Lennie’s Aunt Clara is mentioned several times where sometimes she can be perceived as the absent centre. Nonetheless the reader is†¦show more content†¦Steinbeck has quoted in the past, â€Å"Curley’s wife is essentially a good and trusting person who grew up in an atmosphere of fighting and suspicion†. Her pretence of hardness is largely a sham. It is all that she knows. She is not particularly over-sexed, but has been forced to recognise that her sexuality is the only weapon she has and the only thing for which she is noticed. However, her weapon of sexuality backfires as it will be the death of her. Lennie’s naivety is finally seduced by her sexuality and he commits manslaughter on her as he’s unaware of his vast strength. Like Curley’s wife’s weapon of sexuality, Lennie’s weapon is his amazing strength. In the situation of Lennie’s strength versus Curley’s wife sexuality, Lennies strength results in his demise just as Curley’s wife sexuality did. Ostensibly Curley’s wife is capable of exuding a huge sexuality, but she combines it with innocence, vulnerability and an inability to enjoy sex. The vulnerable and insecure side of Curley’s wife is what makes her good and pure. She was almost certainly a virgin before she married Curley because she has had it preached at her so hard from her upbringing that it is the only way that she can get a husband. The narrators description of Curley’s wife physical appearance is figuratively sexual â€Å"She had full rouged lips† implies that her lips are for the purpose of kissing and possibly to perform fellatioShow MoreRelatedThe Influences of Curleys Wife on the Development of John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men1181 Words   |  5 PagesCurleys wife is an essential character for the development of John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, even though mysterious and nameless, she portrays the women of the 1930s, as well as emphasises their objectification and undermining. Curleys wife is also of great importance for developing the themes of dreaming as well as their downfall, the desire to be free and independent or essentially the American Dream. Finally, she also develops the theme of loneliness in the novel, as well as the themeRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1656 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’, Curley’s Wife is one of the many characters who represent a minority in the American society in the 1930s. In the award winning book, John Steinbeck provides many different aspects to the world he was living in at the time he wrote the novel: dreams, hopes and loneliness to name a few, all channelled through one mentality - prejudice. Curley’s Wife was one of the many characters that Steinbeck used to get his point across about prejudice with. She is not a complexRead MoreTo What Extent Does Steinbeck Portray Dreams as Futile in ‘of Mice and Men’?1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent does Steinbeck portray dreams as futile in ‘Of Mice and Men’? In Of Mice and Men, the hopes and dreams of the men on the ranch are a continuous focus and theme throughout the novel. John Steinbeck portrays the effects that dreams, or lack of them, have on the lives of the characters and the outcome of the novel. Steinbeck uses the concept of dreams at once to show hope and aspiration, as they invoke companionship with united determination for a better future, and to illustrate theRead MoreJane Eyre And Of Mice And Men2621 Words   |  11 PagesExplore how women are presented in ‘Jane Eyre’ and ‘Of Mice and Men’ Brontà « and Steinbeck are arguably two of the most prominent writers in English literature, parted by a ninety year time span and a difference in pre occupations, which could be due to their difference in gender. Jane Eyre and Curley’s wife are two of most different characters but similarly both used drive the plot. Both characters struggle to fit into society; Jane is belittled by her Aunt Reed and being kept apart from the otherRead MoreOf Mice and Men-Curleys Wife Analysis2542 Words   |  11 PagesOf Mice and Men  is a novel set on a ranch in the Salinas Valley in California, during the  Great Depression  of the 1930s by John Steinbeck. It was the first work to bring  Steinbeck’s  national recognition as a writer. The book addresses the real hopes and dreams of working-class America. Steinbecks short novel raises the lives of the poor and dispossessed to a higher, symbolic level. The title suggests that plans of Mice and Men often go awry, a reference t o Robert Burn’s poem To a Mouse.  SinceRead MoreHow Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters2537 Words   |  11 Pagesin which Steinbeck presents disadvantaged characters in the novel In 1937, the American author John Steinbeck published Of mice and Men. Set in the Salinas Valley of California, it conveys the story of the struggles of the American people during The Great Depression. The Great Depression was a massive devastation throughout the whole of America where people suffered and the economy was at a huge crisis. The Unemployment rose from 3% to 26% and many people had died, showing how hard theRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to run from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporates multipleRead MoreAnalysis Of Of Mice And Men 1839 Words   |  8 Pagesreasons behind actions. Of Mice and Men and To Kill a Mockingbird both have a cyclical structure to them. In Of Mice and Men, it begins with George and Lennie by the pond, and it also ends in the same area. This gives the impression that circumstances have changed and, considering the fact that the descriptions are different, the opening scene could be seen to foreshadow the events that are to follow and lead up to. To Kill a Mockingbird is similar in structure to Of Mice and Men, but it is different inRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1296 Words   |  6 Pages‘What freedom men and women could have, were they not constantly tricked and trapped and enslaved and tortured by their sexuality’ – John Steinbeck illustrated that in this male dominated society women were prevented to bring to the table that which would have benefited all. ‘Of Mice and Men’ written by Nobel Prize-winning author John Steinbeck in 1937, was set around the time of The Great Depression; a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of theRead MoreTo What Extent Is Of Mice and Men More Effective Than Rainman in Giving Us Understandings of Loneliness and Friendship?1553 Words   |  7 PagesSteinbecks novel Of Mice and Men cannot accurately be compared in effectiveness of its themes with the movie Rainman. The importance of each theme differs in both- in Steinbecks novel, loneliness is the most dominant theme, and in Rainman the major theme is friendship. Levinson and Steinbeck both do a brilliant job at showing the major themes in both materials to the greatest of their potential, and the minor themes are somewhat overpowered because of this. One extremely clever way that

Let Task Free Essays

Individual task outcomes should also be evaluated. The value of using common sets of evaluation criteria Is better in the long run because It will be the same across the board. This will make the process fair to all the employees that are being evaluated. We will write a custom essay sample on Let Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now To be evaluated on only one or two out of the three mentioned above would be unfair to all of the employees. If one employee was exceptional on behavior and Individual task outcomes and another employee was exception on behavior and traits rating on just behavior and traits would not be fair to the first employee. Rating employees on a broader scale produces better employees in the long run. They have the three areas that they can work on and excel to become a better fit for the organization. Now the 360-degree evaluation works by evaluating the employees on the set criteria however their direct supervisor is not the only person evaluating them. These evaluations are performed by the customers, suppliers, supervisors, and coworkers. This Is very diverse way of rating an individual’s performance. One could have a certain behavior around the boss but once he/she Is out of sight the Individual may retreat other employees poorly. This Is a major advantage to a 360-degree evaluation since the employees have to keep a good rapport with all people they contact. On the other hand the 360-degree evaluation also has some disadvantages. I have an example that has happened to me and my co-workers due to an evaluation of this type. I worked for a large banking organization and we had phone contact with the customers discussing their credit card application. We either told them we approved them or if they were decline. No matter the decision, surveys were sent out Mandalay. No matter how nice and courteous I would be to someone if I did not approve them and give them a high enough credit line that survey would not come back with positive marks. Everyone found this out early on and began to give In to customer demands and thus the banks credit loses started to Increase. In this case the 360-degree can have negative Impacts on the company If the employees start to cater to one aspect of it and the employees if they do honest work and decline Commonly used methods of performance evaluations like written essays, graphic eating scales, and forced comparisons all have their similarities and differences. For instance written essays and rating scales both have to be filled out by the supervisor. They can relay the same evaluation in the end, but the written essay might mean more to an employee since it takes the manager more effort to write. On the other hand the written essay could be a bad thing if the writing skills of the managers are not up to par. Forced comparisons, like the other methods, are good at measuring and ranking your employees abilities, however ranking your employees can turn into popularity contest instead of a true ranking. I chose these three methods because my current employer uses a combination of all three. We have the graphical part that measures everyone on the same scale. Then we have the essay part which covers skills and goals not mentioned in the graphical part, and then the managers meet to rank all of the employees 1-5. I think when used in combination these three commonly used methods work the best. Used individually all 3 of these method also have bias’ and errors. As mentioned the essay method is only as good as the manager’s ability to write the essay. If a manager is unable to string a complete sentence together the employee is not going to see the managers intentions through the written word. With the graphical method while easier for the managers since they have a form to fill out it can be ineffective since it only ranks the employees on the topics that are provided on the forms. A manager might have a specialized employee that does something that no other employee does but has no way of expressing this since it is a basic form. And the final method of forced comparisons ranks the employees as if it were a popularity notes. If manager is fond of 4 employees and only has 20 there is a good chance that those 4 employees will always rank in the top one fifth leaving an employee that does comparable or better work on the outside looking in. To improve the performance evaluation process in the given scenario I believe there should be multiple methods used to evaluate the employee’s productivity, behavior, and traits. To do this effectively the 360-degree method should be implemented but only allow it to account for 15% percent of the overall evaluation. This allows the co-workers and customers to get a say on how an individual is doing in those areas score. This should be done in a graphical method only so it is a fair evaluation to the individual. Next there should be a combination of the graphical method and the essay method for the direct manager/supervisor to evaluate the employee. This should account for 45% of the evaluation. The final 40% should be on productivity alone. In the scenario given the employee in question no doubt has superb productivity, but in the current method of evaluation the employee gets no credit for it. How to cite Let Task, Papers

Elder Abuse Relevance and Applicability of Health Promotion

Question: Write a description on Elder Abuse. Answer: Introduction This assignment aims to explore and critique the relevance and applicability of health promotion strategies to a health issue. The chosen health issue is Elder Abuse. Elder Abuse refers to any form of ill-treatment or cruelty that result in loss or harm to the aged individuals. It may take place as a result of negligence or ignorance or it may be intentional. Elder abuse is normally carried out by the members of the family, particularly by adult children because the older people are dependent on them for care and accommodation. It is also a violation of human rights and is an important cause of illness, injury, despair, isolation and loss of productivity. This assignment will also describe the health issues in detail and will utilize theories and frameworks in health promotion to provide a critical analysis of a chosen strategy to address the issue of health. In the end, a brief summary in the form of conclusion will be provided for the reader to learn in terms of addressing the heal th issue. Elder Abuse- Description This abuse may possibly be physical, mental, or it may engage financial or other substance abuse. Despite of the type of abuse, it unquestionably results in avoidable distress, harm or pain, decreased quality of life along with the violation of human rights, for the older individuals. Whether the behavior is called rude, negligent or abusive possibly depends on how often the ill-treatment takes place, its extent, harshness and consequences, and in particular, the cultural perspective (Bennett and Kingston 2013). Such abuses are commonly divided into the following types: Physical abuse involves pain or harm, physical oppression, or drug induced command. Emotional or psychological abuse- Leads to mental suffering. Material or Financial abuse- The illegal exploitation or utilization of resources of the older person. Sexual abuse Any kind of non-consensual intimate relationship with the older person. Neglect The denial or disappointment to accomplish a care giving compulsion. This may or may not engage a cognizant and deliberate effort to impose physical or mental suffering on the elderly person (Pillemer et al. 2016). Early researchers in this field involved individual behavior conflicts as underlying agents of violence in the family in support of cultural and societal factors. In recent times, however, research on violence in the family has revealed that abusers who are physically violent are more probable to have behavior disorders along with the problems related with alcohol in comparison to the common population. Likewise, studies limited to aggression in opposition to the older people in family settings have discovered that aggressors are more expected to possess the problems of mental health and substance abuse as compared to the caregivers or family members who are not aggressive or otherwise rude (Sadana et al. 2016). Chosen Strategy By using the Ottawa charter which was the first International Conference on Health Promotion, a meeting in Ottawa on 21stNovember 1986. It presented this CHARTER for action to attain Health for every one by the year 2000 and further. This symposium was mainly a response to increasing prospects for a new movement of public health around the globe. Its discussions stressed on the requirements in developed countries, and also took into consideration similar concerns in all the additional regions. It constructed on the advancement that was made through the Declaration on Primary Health Care at Alma Ata, the World Health Organization's Targets for Health (Fry and Zask 2016). Health Promotion Health promotion involves the process of facilitating individuals to enhance control, as well as to develop, their physical condition and wellbeing. To attain a status of absolute mental, physical along with societal welfare, a person or a group ought to be capable to recognize and to understand objectives, to gratify the requirements, and to alter or deal with the surroundings. Therefore health is perceived, as a source for existence, not the purpose of livelihood. It is a constructive perception emphasizing societal as well as individual resources, in addition to physical abilities. Consequently, promotion of health is not only the accountability of the health sector, but is also concerned with the healthy existence and welfare (Nies and McEwen 2014). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the occurrence of elder abuse varied extensively from 1% to 35%, depending on the definitions, settings, research methods and populations (Sadana et al. 2016). Current national approximations reveal that at least 1 in 10 older persons suffer from some type of elder abuse, and several in recurring forms (Bennett and Kingston 2013). Simultaneously, only a minute small part of elder abuse is reported to the Adult Protective Services (APS). A study by The National Elder Mistreatment with a representative sample of 5,000 adults aged 65 years and above, reports that around more than 15% of elderly adults dwelling in different communities experienced mistreatment or potential disregard in the precedent year (Naaldenberg et al. 2012). The self-neglect of elderly is repeatedly considered as a separate thing as contrasting to elder abuse committed by others. The data of APS proposes that self-neglect is on the rise and is more widespread in com parison to all of the other types of elder abuse combined. Current studies comprising a large population point towards the frequency of elder self-neglect is about 10%, even though the degree of overlap amid self-neglect and other types of elder abuse is indistinct (Pillemer et al. 2016). However, no population-based epidemiological study has methodically scrutinized the occurrence of elder self-neglect or the latent alteration in self-neglecting behaviors eventually (Dong 2014). Several nurses observe the theory of health promotion as something which they indistinctly remember from academia and exceptionally a small number of them would claim to utilize the theory of health promotion in practice (Kelley et al. 2013). The good news is we dont need to keep in mind the whole theory to utilize the theory. There are several widespread essentials in the theories of health promotion that can be included in everyday practice. There are five ways to utilize the health promotion theory with the patients (Beard et al. 2016). Promote the advantages of alteration and not just the advantages of health The individuals have a tendency to focus on altering behavior being good however frequently the patients come across difficulty to enumerate benefits of health that are twenty years or more down the line. Advantages are acknowledged in a number of theoretical models and substantial advantages can consist of saving wealth, losing weight or making new friends. Utilization of the resources to assist the individuals promote the temporary benefits is another advantage, for instance the websites that are concerned with the calculation of money the individuals can save by quitting the habit of smoking (Merriman-Nai and Stein 2014). Promote behavioral control of the patient A characteristic of a number of models of health promotion is the role of behavioral control or self-efficiency. This is the perception of the patient regarding their individual ability to be capable of accomplishing something. The patients having low self-efficiency are less probable to transform. They need to be optimistic with the patients and motivate them so that they can accomplish their goal. They need to focus on small objectives such as swapping rather than stopping. (Dong et al. 2014). Recognize obstacles to change Several theoretical models recognize that barriers bring to halt several efforts of behavior change. The patients should be asked what they consider would stop them attaining a behavior, For instance quitting the habit of smoking along with how they prepare to prevail over this barrier. For instance barriers to quitting the habit of smoking comprise of pressure from acquaintances, practice and desires. (Maville and Huerta 2012). Identify the wider surroundings The surrounding is an essential aspect of behavior alteration. Security, interchange along with aesthetics could discourage aloofness, unfamiliarity and humiliation. For instance, if we want to motivate a patient to work out more then we need the capability to guide them to sociable, secure spaces (Baer et al. 2016). Modify information to the patient For instance, if we work with kids, we perhaps converse health information by utilizing uncomplicated words or representations. The similar tailoring philosophy should also pertain to other patients; such as presenting information in a diverse language or huge print. Identify those patients that are at dissimilar stages of alteration. For instance does the patient possess all the information they require? Are they extremely conversant? Have they attempted to alter earlier? What is preventing them from altering? Being a superior sign poster could assist us to modify information. If in case, the patients want support to alter a behavior, a number of them would have a preference for a website and others may just desire to do it individually. The patients should be asked regarding their preference as well as suggestions accordingly. Strategies of Health Promotion and Abuse Prevention for the Elderly people An inclusive strategy to prevent elderly abuse may possibly be dealt with in the framework of public health from a perspective of population health by addressing health determinants. This could take the structure of encouraging accommodation, societal support as well as health support for older people in their homes (Dong 2014). The programs of community can support the older people and encourage healthy aging in the population. The service by the providers of the Community is an outstanding resource for avoiding elder mistreatment. The nurses in Home care or care providers may possibly recognize signs of mistreatment that may otherwise go unobserved. A home care plan included into Medicare can prevent a steady approach where perceptions and terminology differ (Kelley et al. 2013). The tools of elder abuse prevention can be developed from a widespread outline, offering enhanced incorporation of interventions and services for the victims of mistreatment, regardless of what their circumstances were/are. Registered nurses are in outstanding positions to collaborate with government, stakeholders of health as well as society and lead successfully in such a strategy. In the course of their specific learning and knowledge, as well as time spent with the patients along with families across the range of care as well as across the lifetime, they observe exceptionally authentic revelations of the effects of disregard as well as abuse (Perna et al. 2012). The federal government should develop an inclusive strategy of health promotion along with abuse prevention for the older people. This should comprise of targeted programs that are intended in the services of public health, caring accommodation as well as tax credits for older people. This should comprise a rapid focus on the populations that are exaggerated by circumstances that create susceptibility (Jordanova Peshevska et al. 2014). Conclusion In the end, it can be concluded that the problem of elderly abuse cannot be appropriately solved if the important requirements of the elderly people such as for food, accommodation, access to health as well as safety are not met. The populations of the globe ought to construct surroundings in which elderly individuals and their state of mind is accepted as a normal component of the cycle of life. The attitudes of anti-ageing are down casted, where elderly individuals are given the right to survive with self-respect, free of abuse and mistreatment. They should be provided with the opportunities to involve themselves completely in educational, religious, economic and cultural activities. The present generations need as well as expect guidance and investments to make sure a full understanding of the situation. They need to recognize important policies along with programmatic practices, to progress established initiatives and to supervise their performances. Consequently, promotion of health is not only the accountability of the health sector, but is also concerned with the healthy existence and welfare The federal government possesses an opportunity to make efforts with regional and territorial equivalents along with the health professionals, such as registered nurses as well as nurse practitioners, with the intention to recover the health as well as well-being of the elderly people. These recommendations correspond to an important step in the direction of a secure and vigorous future where self-respect and admiration for the elders is a right, not an extravagance. References Baer, B., Bhushan, A., Taleb, H.A., Vasquez, J. and Thomas, R., 2016. The right to health of older people.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S206-S217. Beard, J.R., Officer, A.M. and Cassels, A.K., 2016. The World Report on Ageing and Health.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S163-S166. Bennett, G. and Kingston, P.W., 2013.Elder abuse: Concepts, theories and interventions. Springer. Dong, X., 2014. Elder abuse: Research, practice, and health policy. The 2012 GSA Maxwell Pollack award lecture.The Gerontologist,54(2), pp.153-162. Dong, X., Chang, E.S., Wong, E., Wong, B. and Simon, M.A., 2014. Association of depressive symptomatology and elder mistreatment in a US Chinese population: Findings from a community-based participatory research study.Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma,23(1), pp.81-98. Dong, X.Q., 2015. Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), pp.1214-1238. Fry, D. and Zask, A., 2016. Applying the Ottawa Charter to inform health promotion programme design.Health promotion international, p.daw022. Jordanova Peshevska, D., Markovik, M., Sethi, D. and Serafimovska, E., 2014. Relationships and Community Risk Factors for Elder Abuse and Neglect: Findings from the First National Prevalence Study on Elder Maltreatment.Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences,7(2), pp.369-374. Kelley, S.J., Whitley, D.M. and Campos, P.E., 2013. African American Caregiving Grandmothers Results of an Intervention to Improve Health Indicators and Health Promotion Behaviors.Journal of Family Nursing,19(1), pp.53-73. Maville, J. and Huerta, C., 2012.Health promotion in nursing. Cengage Learning. Merriman-Nai, S. and Stein, K., 2014. World elder abuse awareness day: the concept, the reality, and the promise.Journal of elder abuse neglect,26(3), pp.345-349. Naaldenberg, J., Vaandrager, L., Koelen, M. and Leeuwis, C., 2012. Aging Populations Everyday Life Perspectives on Healthy Aging New Insights for Policy and Strategies at the Local Level.Journal of Applied Gerontology,31(6), pp.711-733. Nies, M.A. and McEwen, M., 2014.Community/public health nursing: Promoting the health of populations. Elsevier Health Sciences. Perna, L., Mielck, A., Lacruz, M.E., Emeny, R.T., Holle, R., Breitfelder, A. and Ladwig, K.H., 2012. Socioeconomic position, resilience, and health behaviour among elderly people.International journal of public health,57(2), pp.341-349. Pillemer, K., Burnes, D., Riffin, C. and Lachs, M.S., 2016. Elder Abuse: Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S194-S205. Sadana, R., Blas, E., Budhwani, S., Koller, T. and Paraje, G., 2016. Healthy Ageing: Raising Awareness of Inequalities, Determinants, and What Could Be Done to Improve Health Equity.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S178-S193.

The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall Essay Example

The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall Essay This research has been done by Jonathan deHaan. W. Michael Reed and Katsuko Kuwada. Jonathan deHaan is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of International Relations at the University of Shizuoka. He earned his Ph. D. in Educational Communication and Technology from New York University. His research focuses on 2nd linguistic communication acquisition and learning with games and simulations. As for W. Michael Reed. he was a retired professor of Educational Communication and Technology at New York University and the IRB/IACUC Administrator for Radford University in Virginia. His research involvements spanned over a 25-year period and focused on educational computer science. problem-solving. metacognition. and composing procedures. Meanwhile. Katsuko Kuwada is a doctorial pupil in the International Cultural Studies plan at Tohoku University. She investigates linguistic communication and civilization ; her current research compares the usage of first-person topics in Nipponese and English based on different cultural backgrounds. The intent of this research is to cognize physical interactivity of a 2nd linguistic communication music picture game is manipulated to look into the consequence of interactivity on vocabulary acquisition and cognitive burden ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) or in simpler manner is to look into whether the interactivity ( and at the same time presented text. sound and life ) of picture game is immaterial cognitive burden ( therefore holding a negative consequence on larning ) or germane burden ( therefore holding a positive consequence on larning ) ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Interactivity with a Music Video Game on Second Language Vocabulary Recall specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Overview The research inquiry that been highlighted here is to see interactivity of 2nd linguistic communication on music picture game on remembering vocabulary. This research captured my attending due to the use of media in learning English as 2nd linguistic communication to undergraduate Nipponese pupils. As we all know. multimedia engineering has been implemented in linguistic communication acquisition to pull every bit good as to actuate 2nd linguistic communication user to be able to comprehend. learn and bask English linguistic communication. This research is important to this aeon. in which multimedia is being integrated in linguistic communication acquisition. Thus Professor deHaan. Prof. Reed and DR. Kuwada focal point on what represent a game instead so what can be added to a game to do it accessible and gratifying in learning and larning procedure. In this research it has depicted that human cognitive architecture consists of a limited short-run memory’ ( Baddeley. 1992. Miller. 1959 ) . and a game’s complex elements ( e. g. usic. captions and wordss ) can make an inalterable high demand on working memory ( intrinsic cognitive burden ) . it is of import to understand whether a media characteristics. such as interactivity. show a pupil with unneeded immaterial cognitive burden. which interferes with larning. or germane burden. which enhances acquisition ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada ; 2010 ) . Analysis This research has been done to see video game interactivity would assist or impede the noticing and callba ck of 2nd linguistic communication vocabulary. ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) . Here the three research workers have used interactivity. linguistic communication proficiency and picture game proficiency as independent variables while cognitive burden vocabulary written callback. and participant sentiments as dependent steps. Eighty undergraduates in which 65 of them are males and 15 of them are females in a scope of age about 18 to 24. from Computer Science University in rural Japan. Subjects’ female parent lingua is Nipponese and has 6 to 11 old ages of formal English instruction. Participants were paired and one participant in each brace was indiscriminately assigned to either drama or watch the picture game. and this been conducted in research lab. for 20 proceedingss long. Professor deHaan. Prof. Reed and Dr. Kuwada. instructed the participants to play or watch the game and larn the words of the blame. The video game degree was repeated five times by all braces. The participants were non allowed to take notes or utilize their lexicons and even non allowed to see and what more to interact with one and another. The stuff that was used in this research was Parappa the Rapper 2. Straight after cease with the experiment. participants would be given subjects from the game and were used as written cloze trial. where participants were required to compose the losing words from the game’s blame in the text’s spaces. This trial been repeated once more after 2 hebdomads. The consequence after the trial depicted that watchers of the picture game recalled significantly more vocabulary points compare to the participants. Therefore because spectators focus merely on the objects in the game and the sentences depicting the images without even have to incorporate with the game console. Meanwhile. the participants have to both focal points on the integrating with game and with console every bit good as their integrating with the sentences depicting the images. to such a grade the participants are holding cognitive tonss. Critique and Evaluation This research is focus on consequence of interactivity with music picture game on 2nd linguistic communication vocabulary callback. After exhaustively read the research paper I have found out that Professor deHaan. Prof. Reed and Kuwada pay cogently attending to cognize whether video game ( multimedia engineering ) would assist or impede noticing and recall 2nd linguistic communication vocabulary. Here the three research workers focus on cognitivist position in which harmonizing to Jean Piaget ( 1977 ) . mental procedure of an single usage in reacting to their environment. Cognitivism trades with how people think. work out jobs and do determinations. When the participants interact with the game they are utilizing their cognitive ability to prosecute with the stairss that they need to result in order to travel up to the following degree of the game every bit good as to convene on the wordss given in the game. Here the participants are reacting to their environment. nevertheless being cognitive tonss between fixating on the game and prosecuting to the wordss somehow has distracted them from concentrating on the vocabulary. Therefore has made them failed to remember the vocabulary during vocabulary recall trial. Meanwhile. the spectators do non confront the cognitive burden due to entirely one manner interaction ( having the input ) between them and the picture game. therefore has given them clip to give great item utilizing memorisation method. which is one of the 6 cognitive acquisition schemes ( Rubin A ; Wenden. 1987 ) . to indulge in the game. Furthermore. this research has proven that by utilizing video game can assist to help linguistic communication larning in 2nd linguistic communication leaner. As been reference by Hubbard ( 1991 ) . linguistic communication acquisition may go on with video game as linguistic communication is involved in the drama. It is easy to accept linguistic communication larning evolves through game as linguistic communication and job resolution are correlated and what more pupils seem to bask it. Despite that. the research has significantly highlighted that by watching the media ( game ) . in rebelliousness of affecting in it. can do the scholars notice and remembering more vocabulary items’ ( deHaan. Reed A ; Kuwada. 2010 ) . as they have merely to concentrate on the wordss merely. Hence consolidate that use of multimedia engineering ( game ) in linguistic communication category does non impede the linguistic communication acquisition. However. instructors must size up type of game that they want to utilize in their linguistic communication category. Nevertheless. in larning 2nd linguistic communication it is non adequate by merely interact with game and the wordss. To go competency in a linguistic communication 1 must besides portray the intent of utilizing the linguistic communication instead than merely simply know the linguistic communication yet non pass on it in purposeful conversation to reenforce the acquisition. therefore communicating is of import in linguistic communication acquisition. Like what has been mentioned by Douglas Brown ( 2000 ) . communicating is non simply an event. something that happens ; it is functional. purposive and designed to convey about some consequence. Due to that. 2 hebdomads after the research has been done. the participants been called to try 2nd trial to measure their vocabulary in remembering the game wordss. Here both participants and spectators have shown drastically cut downing of vocabulary if comparing to the old trial. This has proven that without purposeful larning pupils will non be able to prolong the vocabulary. On my behalf. I strongly believe that communicative support can heighten on linguistic communication larning via engineering. as one linguistic communication acquisition and no purposeful practise will impede the linguistic communication larning procedure. Through this research I have learnt to assent. without coaction with larning schemes ( between memorizing. recalling and pass oning via multimedia tool ) . the linguistic communication acquisition will non go purposeful and will do one larning a failure. Decision It can be concluded that physical interaction of this game has immaterial cognitive burden consequence on the participants. therefore non contributing to larning and seemed to hold unnecessarily diverted the players’ attending from the vocabulary and impede callback. Meanwhile. the spectators of the game have non exposed to the extra immaterial burden and have been able to give more cognitive resources to the intrinsic burden of the game and its linguistic communication. As a effect this research I have learnt that suited game ( multimedia ) can help linguistic communication larning procedure as pupils seemed to bask such activity. In any regard with purposeful support such as germane communicative support can counterbalance linguistic communication acquisition better. Furthermore. deduction of this research on future survey. instructors will be more selective in taking multimedia stuff for their categories and they will do certain balance input been given in the sense of interactivity and linguistic communication acquisition so that no cognitive burden will happen and impede linguistic communication larning via multimedia.

Down Syndrome Characteristics

Down Syndrome Characteristics Down Syndrome is named after John Langdon Down, an English Physician who first described the set of characteristics that have long been associated with the genetic abnormality. The chromosomal aberration is an additional full or partial copy of the 21st chromosome which causes a change in the developmental arch of the organism (child) and therefore the developmental differences.   There is no definite cause for the presence of Down Syndrome than the random presence of this mutation.   There is a higher incidence of Down Syndrome births to mothers as their age increases, but there is no familial or genetic component. Physical Traits Short stature:   Often a child can be diagnosed based on the ratio of length and width of the bones in the finger.   Adult males average a height of five foot one inch and adult females average four foot eight inches.    The stature issue is also reflected in difficulty with balance, short, broad fingers and hands and later motor.    A Flat Nasal Ridge: a flattening of the face and large tongue often contribute to sleep apnea.    Wide Spread Feet:   Students with Down Syndrome usually have an extra large space between their big and second toes.    This creates some challenges for coordination and mobility.    Neurological Traits Intellectual deficits:   Children with Down Syndrome have mild (IQ or Intelligence Quotient of 50 to 70) or moderate (IQ of 30 to 50) intellectual disabilities, although a few have severe intellectual disabilities with an IQ from 20 to 35.    Language:   Children with Down Syndrome often have stronger receptive (understanding, comprehension) language than expressive language.   In part, it is because the facial differences (flat nose ridge and a thick tongue, often attached to the bottom of the mouth and requiring a simple surgery).    Children with Down Syndrome are capable of making intelligible language, but require speech-language therapy and lots of patience in order to master articulation.    Their physical differences create articulation challenges, but children with Down Syndrome are often anxious to please and will work hard to create clear conversation. Social Traits Unlike other disabilities such as Autism Spectrum Disorders which create difficulties with social skills and attachment, children with Down Syndrome are often enthusiastic to engage other people and are very social.   This is a reason that inclusion is a valuable part of a child with Down Syndromes educational career. Students with Down Syndrome are often very affectionate, and may benefit from social training that includes helping students identify socially appropriate and inappropriate interactions. Motor and Health Challenges Weak gross motor skills and a tendency of parents to isolate their children may lead to long-term health problems, including obesity and a lack of aerobic and gross motor skills.   Students with Downs Syndrome will benefit from physical education programs that encourage aerobic activity.   As children with Down Syndrome age, they will have health challenges related to their physical difference.   They are prone to arthritis due to the skeletal stresses related to their short stature and their low muscular tone. They often do not get enough aerobic education and can often suffer from heart disease.   Co-Morbidity Often students with disabilities will have more than a single (primary) disabling condition.   When this occurs, it is referred to as Co-Morbidity.   Although some sort of co-morbidity is common in all disabilities, some disabilities are more likely to have co-morbid pairs.   With Down Syndrome, it can include schizophrenia, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Being attentive to the symptoms is essential to providing the best sort of educational support.

Attitudes Towards Minorities With Mental Illness Social Work Essay

Attitudes Towards Minorities With Mental Illness Social Work Essay Members of ethnic minority groups are faced with several barriers that prevent them from adequately participating in treatment for mental illness. Mental illnesses are commonly overlooked and untreated due to the negative connotations that surround them. Minorities with lower socioeconomic status frequently have poor physical health, which creates vulnerability to mental illness pooled with a lack of affordable treatment and accessible resources. Stigma along with various beliefs and attitudes generates discrimination and social distancing behaviors towards persons with mental illness, as a result of the direct affects of ignorance, negative attitudes, and common beliefs. This often results in discrepancy and underutilization of service amongst minority populations. Mental Illness is a disorder of the brain that affects a person’s mood, thinking and behavior (Cohen 2002, NIMH). Mental disorders are all around us, however, in many cases some are overlooked. According to the Na tional Institute of Mental Health an estimated 26.2 percent of Americans, ages 18 and older, suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder each year; an estimated 45 percent of those with any diagnosable mental disorder meet criteria for 2 or more disorders (NIMH 2010). Serious mental illnesses interrupt a person’s ability to carry out essential aspects of daily life. There are several different types of mental illnesses some of which are more severe than others, however, the most common disorders are depression, anxiety disorders, panic attacks, bipolar disorders, phobias, eating disorders, substance abuse, dementia, and schizophrenia (Kobau 2008). Causes of mental illness range from inherited traits and genetics to biological, environmental and social cultural factors to life experiences, such as excessive stress. When mental illnesses are left untreated, it can cause emotional, physical and behavioral health problems (Cohen, 2002; Whitley, 2010). However, due to stigmas and va rious negative connotations surrounding mental illness people often try to reject, ignore or self medicate the illness in a state of denial (Cohen, 2002). Moreover, poverty is an important moderator of the correlation between serious mental illness and social problems (Draine, 2002). African Americans as well as minorities are more prone to suffer from significant and persistent disparities within the mental health system (Whitley, 2010). This research paper will examine racial differences of both men and women suffering from common mental illness disorders and their usage of mental health services associated with stigmas. Minorities suffering from mental illness are often less likely to access service from a mental health professional, and will more often receive poor quality care or drop out upon admittance (Whitley, 2010). Stigma and Discrimination The term stigma originally derives from the ancient Greek practice where criminals were branded, leaving them with a mark referred to as a stigma that allowed them to be easily identified (Gibson 2008). Persons with a stigma were usually rejected from society, viewed as outcast, and devalued by society similar to persons suffering from mental illness. Due to the stigma attached to persons tormented by mental illness, it forms a lack of personal contact with persons suffering from these disorders; resulting in a lack of knowledge, which in turn leads to prejudices, negative attitudes and stereotypes towards them (Alegria 2002, Guimà ³n 2010). Stigmatization of persons suffering with mental illness stems from socio-cultural, ethnic, religious, and economic factors (Guimà ³n, 2010). Stereotype-based negative attitudes and prejudices towards mental illness develop early in life, originating from cultural, historical and media depictions (Sartorius Bauman, 2007; Guimà ³n 2010).

Psychology of Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Psychology of Violence - Essay Example Though the article does not state Mr Clementi suffered from bullying, humiliation and invasion of privacy as a sex offense, Mr Ravi delegitimized him by taking all levels of privacy out of his hands. It is considered a sex offense because he broke the solitude Mr Clementi was after, by having the room until midnight, the intimacy of having a sexual relationship with anonymity and the reserve to decide under what terms. These four types of privacy were established by Mr Westin.(DeCew) As the police had already established that Mr Ravi had been bullying Mr Clementi since August, he will be tried for a bias crime. Behavioral Psychology is a theory that all behaviors are gained through conditioning: classical & operant. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Classical conditioning have two elements, the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. Operant Conditioning is the association between the behaviour and the consequence for that behaviour. From this conditioning, the learning theory was developed. Negative behaviour can be eliminated by taking away the benefit. A persons behaviour is learned by the consequences which can be external forces. His conscious is changed by the rewards he receives. Mr Ravi is an insecure young man as a new student; as psychologically needing to break his roommate; and who needs to make a place for himself in the dormitory. His name is Indian, so he has suffered prejudices for half of his life in the US. . He might also be questioning his own sexuality which could be common but not part of his own culture. Did he bully Mr Clementi because of his sexual orientation; or would he have done so to any roommate? The questions is his satisfaction in wanting to torture another individual. In putting the streaming of his encounter on the internet, was he showing his jealousy in Mr Clementis ability to perform on stage. Both acts represent the most

Case project Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project - Case Study Example Joint venture (JV) is the new business entity created by conclusion of the partnership with the existing company. As owner of 51 % or more of each of joint venture, Fort McKay First Nation of directors of every corporation whose role is to oversee management of company and ensure that company achieves profit targets. Each joint venture was established as the independent company that is controlled independently from administration of first nation. Fort McKay moved auger drilling , rotary drilling and coring Laskey services that are used exploration, development , drilling sand bench, and environmental and geotechnical surveys . Fort McKay geotechnical features set devices and geotechnical sampling programs and environment. Fort McKay also provides water-carrier fleet , watering of roads and services in place washing equipment . Bobcat services , including drilling and installation of small pillars are also available. Providing staff knew about Fort McKay, the well-trained technicians and technologist’s security. They hold technical certificates for access to industrial sites and local and appropriate software. Company is pleased to announce that our list of experienced drillers profile sand screw experience 45 years and older. Fort McKay strict security control program and losses. Our staff is committed to safe work practices , including extensive protocols FLRA and received the Certificate of Recognition (COR) , in partnership with health and safety . Our performance information security registered in service of the document management company. Management Structure This apparatus as well describes the abstruse training to advice user’s admission the abilities categories that best clothing them , allowance new career advance . Fort Mckay Abilities 2000 strategy was an abundant abstraction for recruitment (Longo 2004). Fort Mckay supply mission requires abundant humans who are bright, artistic and energetic, and accept the afterward meanings: Integr ity and honesty. Passion for barter , ally and technology. Accessible, admiring with others, and committed to authoritative them feel better. Alertness to yield on big challenges and see them through . Self- analytical , analytic and committed to claimed and cocky -improvement. Responsible for commitments , after-effects and superior to barter , shareholders, ally and employees. Fort Mckay uses two types of training for their advisers : On the job training area new advisers apprentice from added accomplished colleagues . This blazon of training is based primarily on the convenience in the abode . Off -the- job, area advisers amend their adeptness and apprentice something added in adjustment to advance their top superior achievement . This blazon of training is done in the classroom, and it is an approach of practice. The aboriginal adjustment is a Fort Mckay , even if the aggregation requires all advisers accept to yield refresher courses . Notice alertness is actual important for t he company. After training, the aggregation focuses on the development of people. Development of advisers with the adeptness already accepted to advice the abiding needs of the business such as the development of account that accord to a college position in adjustment to advance abundance and admission profits. Diversity is an allotment of the adeptness of Fort Mckay and a set of programs. Both were created in adjustment t

Analysis of Decline and Rise of Various Business Activities in the U.K. Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Decline and Rise of Various Business Activities in the U.K. Essay In this task, I will need to decide what the core activity is in each of my two businesses and whether they are dealing with products, services or both. In the UK some of these business activities are becoming more common and others are becoming less common. I will need to find out the broad trends for these business activities and how they affect the businesses that I am investigating. The legal status of Freelance Audio Productions is an equal partnership between Martin and Nikki Rider. The company was set up in 1986, but has only been trading as Freelance Audio Productions for four years. The company doesnt make a product, the service it provides is audio production based which includes performance arts, supplying of equipment and supplying of production services and facilities. FAP falls into the category of the Tertiary Sector. There are many departments that operate within FAP, but there are two departments that control most of Freelance Audio Productions. These are Stage sound and Showbiz. Stage Sound. FAP Stage Sound has been in operation for fourteen years but has only been working under Freelance Audio Productions for the last four years. FAP Stage Sound specialises in renting out sound equipment and educating young trainees. FAP Stage Sound is a continuously growing business which is also shown in the trend of the tertiary sector. Showbiz. FAP Showbiz controls all of the private singing and dancing lessons and the Pop School. FAP Pop School is the newest addition to Freelance Audio Productions. The main target of this is to educate people, mainly children, form the ages of two upwards in the field of music and dance. Girls and boys of all ages learn to sing and dance and put together routines. Shows are then put on as large events where many tickets are sold but little profit is made. Graph showing the Tertiary sector total. (See Appendix 1) FAP and connections with the sectors. Freelance Audio Productions works under the tertiary sector in the departments of other services and education. The Stage Sound aspect of FAP comes under other services, and the private lessons and Pop School comes under education. (See Appendix 2) Freelance Audio has no direct connections with any of the other sectors, but, the other departments in the Tertiary Sector play a large part in the success or failure of FAP. Martin Rider has a community web site on the Internet, and does a lot of theatrical work. As the Internet industry is doing very well at the moment, and FAP is hoping to spread all over the UK, communications help a lot to promote this business. The best way to promote the business locally is while shows are going on. The department leisure includes theatre and public events, and locally, FAP is involved with all theatrical work and most public events. Leisure is one of the fastest growing industries in the tertiary sector which gives an indication on how well FAP should be doing. (Appendix 4) FAP can be affected by the secondary sector. The only way that FAP is affected by any other sectors is the fluctuations in manufacturing of electrical goods in the secondary sector. This can cause problems when attempting to purchase specialised equipment for shows or upgrading the current range of products. Conclusion. Although currently small, Freelance Audio Productions is growing very fast as a result of the tertiary sector departments that it is part of. Over the next few years, new contacts with other businesses in the UK will be made, and maybe other sectors will come as a part of the company. The legal status of Lantra is a charitable limited company. Lantra is owned and run by a board of directors. If Lantra goes bust or bankrupt, each director has a liability of one pound. Lantra has a very complicated range of services. Most of the services is education, training and policy work for the government. Most of the work is in the land based sector, which is to do with farming, agriculture and environmental conservation. Lantra sets the standards that the GNVQs are set upon. The GNVQs for land based studies is set by Lantra. There are three operating Companies which work under the umbrella company, Lantra. These are called, Lantra Awards, Lantra National Training Organisation and Lantra Agenda. These are explained in depth in the following text. Lantra Awards. Lantra Awards is a new organisation within the Lantra. The aim of this company is to provide an innovative and responsive awarding service. Lantra Awards assesses trainees, and if the needed standards are met, appropriate awards are rewarded to them. The awards given are recognised by the government and can help acquire a job or an apprenticeship. Lantra Agenda. Lantra Agenda training specialises in management training and consultancy services and the co-ordination of work based training. Agenda courses range from increasing personal dynamics and communication effectiveness to waste management and include a range of health, safety and quality assurance courses. Below are some of the services that Lantra Agenda Provide. Although some are training, they are referred to as a product as they are sold to external agencies also. Management training and business consultancy Business development consultancy Benchmarking Management and supervisory training Train the trainer programmes Vocational Programmes National Traineeships Modern Apprenticeships (Skillseekers in Scotland) Approves centre for N/SVQs Assessment and certification in key skills, hazardous operations and safety training and management. Lantra National Training Organisation (Lantra NTO). Lantra NTO has a wide ranging selection of activities which spans from conducting labour market research to supporting local training providers. The key role of Lantra NOT is to link government and industry. There are eleven industry groups that work in Lantra NTO. These are: agricultural crops agricultural livestock production horticulture landscaping environmental conservation game conservation fish farming agricultural and garden machinery fencing floristry professions allied to veterinary science Graph showing the Tertiary sector total. (See Appendix 1) Lantra and connections with the sectors. Lantra is a peculiar organisation as it is based in not only the tertiary sector, but the primary sector also. Lantra is primarily based in the tertiary sector as it deals with training, education, and the selling of a product, retail. Previously, Lantra was a primary sector, land based organisation. As recent trends show, the primary sector is in rapid decline (Appendix 3) so the company had to think up a new idea to save the business. This is when selling training courses as a product and the company Lantra Awards came into play. These two ideas brought Lantra into the Tertiary sector which is an overall higher earning sector (Appendix 1). This would have both increased the companies value and broadened the types of customers. If the Primary sector decreases, Lantra will be injured as the company still relies mainly on the land based agricultural departments. If the need for more farms arrives, this would be perfect for the training aspect of Lantra as the business would rocket. Conclusion. Even though Lantra is in the primary sector, which is decreasing, the departments which are in the tertiary sector provide a safety net and a higher income. I think that Awards and Agenda will take over and NTO will slowly disappear as the need for agricultural based activities is in decline.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, faculty, staff, graduates of the Class of 2012, families and friends. I tried to think of something profound to say today, but it may be too presumptuous to assume that my short life experience is enough to impart any great wisdom. However, I will at least share with you something that I have learned. As a brief disclaimer: individual results may vary; drowsiness and/or dizziness are the most common side effects. Contact your doctor if symptoms persist. Wisdom is something of an enigma that cannot be achieved by the pursuit of knowledge alone. It comes from the lessons of trial and error coupled with determination, persistence and commitment. This idea can best be illustrated in the famous words of Thomas Edison when he said, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work." Wisdom is a never-ending cycle of blending knowledge with life experience and lessons learned that are not soon forgotten. Ultimately, these things are the tools and materials we use to build our futures. Based on the values and in...

Native son essay

Native son essay Native Son is a book written by Richard Wright which takes place in the asses. The main character in the book is named Bigger Thomas. Bigger Thomas is a young black man living with his family in a small rat infested apartment in a world controlled by white people. Bigger becomes employed as a driver by a rich white family, and after being made extremely uncomfortable and upset, he kills the daughter of the family. He is then forced to run from the police and has to kill his partner, Bessie.Bigger is caught and prosecuted by the police and experiences extreme racial prejudice urine his trial and is sentenced to death. During both his everyday life, and his trial, bigger is the victim of extreme racism. At the very beginning of the book, a large black rat is running around the Thomas family's apartment. Bagger's sister, Vera, is running around screaming while Bigger and his brother corner it and kill it. This foreshadows the Bagger's later flight from the police.Bigger is running and running, but he is helpless to defend himself against the greater force that is the white people. He ends up cornered, captured, and eventually killed, Just like the rat. This seems to be a representation of Bagger's entire life. After killing the rat, Bigger holds it up and scares his sister with it. Bagger's dangling of the rat to scare his sister is similar to the media and court making an example of bigger. Richard Wright makes it seem like Bagger's life is like a prison even before he is arrested.Atone point bigger says â€Å"Goddamned, look! We live here and they live there. We black and they white. They got things and we anti. They do things and we can't. It's Just like living' in Wright) His entire life is dictated by white people, so he has basically no freedom. The crowded, rat-infested apartment he lives in is worse than a prison cell. While presenting his case to the court, Max even says that life in prison would be an upgrade for bigger because his livi ng conditions were so poor.The results of Bagger's trial were greatly affected by the fact that the Judge, jurors, and all of the rest of the court was made up of white people. Their racist views made his trial extremely unfair. During the trial, Max says â€Å"He is a black criminal, and as such he comes into this court under a handicap, notwithstanding our pretentious that are all equal before the law. â€Å"(Richard Wright 382) The trial seemed to take place only to satisfy the law rather than to really give Bigger a chance.In addition to this, the media made Bigger out to be a terrible monster and branded him guilty even before the trial. This media portrayal made the public hate Bigger even more until there was always an angry mob waiting to kill Bigger if he wasn't sentenced to death by the court. Throughout the book, Bigger Thomas is ostracizes by the press. Even before he killed Mary Dalton, his life was like a prison. Bigger is always afraid of the white force that contro ls his life. During both his everyday life, and his trial, bigger is the victim of extreme racism and that ends up being the reason he dies.

How Does An Ems Work Environmental Sciences Essay

An tremendous sum of development in industrial sectors all over universe typically consequences in a turning figure of environmental jobs in proportion with the development. An Environmental Management System ( EMS ) is a model, which is designed to assist organisations in the direction, betterment and control of environmental public presentation. EMS is portion of direction system of an administration, where a clearly set out construction of an administration, duties of staff, processs, be aftering activities, resource allotment for execution, development and accomplishment of marks of environmental policy committednesss needs specifying. EMS is designed to understate environmental impact, to utilize resources more efficaciously, to do concern productiveness long-run, to better repute of an administration, to follow with environmental ordinances and statute laws, to better its fiscal place by cut downing fees for insurance, regulative license fees, to better staff morale, stakeholde rs ‘ relationships etc. The environmental impact varies between administrations, but by and large it is emanations, waste, energy use, ingestion and conveyance of stuffs. Impacts on wildlife and nature is a consequence of increasing clime alteration factors all over the universe, which is lead by contaminated land, air and H2O. In the 1970s and 1980s many administrations established their ain set of ordinances as a response of questions in environmental statute law. In the 1990s the International Organisation for Standardisation ( ISO ) introduced international criterions ISO14000 as portion of organisations ‘ direction systems. In 1992 the British Standard Institute published BS7750, which was the first national criterion for an environmental direction system. The intentional criterions help an administration or industry of any size to accomplish betterment of environmental public presentation by puting a specific environmental direction system. The work of an administration harmonizing to the criterions makes clear marks and aims of environmental policy, and identifies activities that significantly impact the environment. Cardinal elements of an EMS The Model of an EMS consists of four phases: Planning, Doing, Checking and Acting. Planning is the procedure of environmental injury designation by an administration, rating of environmental impact and the constitution of appropriate aims. It is necessary for an administration to reexamine its present stock list of environmental activities and place environmental facets, applicable environmental ordinances and instructions. Harmonizing to ISO14001, the environmental facet is an â€Å" component of an administration ‘s activities, merchandises or services, which can interact with the environment † ( ISO 2004 ) . Designation of environmental facets starts with the survey of activities, merchandises and services of an administration, which affects environment or which leads to environmental impact. All important facets should be considered to set up environmental aims for environmental policy and determine operational control and action in the manner to better environmental public presentation. Significant environmental facets should be stated in policy t o set up environmental aims and marks. Identification and direction of environmental facets leads to important environmental betterment. Environmental Policy is a statement, which is to declare liability to the execution and direction of EMS. Identified and assessed important impacts of an administration are the chief elements of an environmental policy, which is of import for set uping environmental marks and aims. It can be really utile to affect employees in this procedure, for illustration: to carry on brainstorming Sessionss, because there can be chances that can easy cut down the environmental impact. Aims and marks should be specific, accomplishable and mensurable. During and after execution of an EMS, alteration and rectification of the marks and aims should be portion of the monitoring and supervising procedure. Environmental policies should be apprehensible by every employee and employer of an administration to accomplish the marks and aims of the administration. Doing is the execution procedure of the plan to understate environmental impact and hazard of an administration. Harmonizing to ISO14001, the disposal of an administration should name a particular, trained direction representative to guarantee execution of the EMS. The EMS representative is responsible for monitoring, measuring, coverage of EMS public presentation to head direction and control activities that have important environmental impact. The EMS representative should besides collaborate with others to modify EMS as needed. All staff, whose activities can do important environmental impact should be trained on important environmental issues. Relevant staff should be trained on environmental policy, exigency, accomplishment of environmental marks, specific EMS functions and duties, the environmental impact of their occupation activities and effects in instance of relevant staff non following their relevant EMS duties. All processs and instructions to command important environmen tal impact and to place possible accidents, which could hold an impact on the environment must be clarified and documented. Activities of every employee have an impact on the environment and every employee should hold good thoughts associating to their experience about the betterment of environmental public presentation. That ‘s why it ‘s really of import to develop communicating in an administration by regular staff and safety meetings, suggestion boxes, newssheets etc. Effective communicating may assist an administration ‘s EMS execution to actuate people, better apprehension of environmental policies, functions and duties, importance of environmental public presentation betterment and placing possible for betterment. The cardinal function of disposal is to supply resources to employees, which are necessary for an EMS plan execution. Some people, such as clients, registrars, and authorities administrations can be interested to cognize the EMS design and execution of the administration. For these grounds, every administration should hold an EMS manual or EMS description papers. Documentation is one of the of import factors of effectual EMS direction. EMS paperss should be revised on a regular basis by responsible forces, who will do alterations as and when required. Certain operations and activities should be monitored and controlled to pull off important environmental impact and to guarantee that the processs implements to accomplish marks and aims. Operational control processs should be documented, particularly those where breach could take to important environmental impact. The possibility of accidents and incidents ever exist, even in malice of the best execution of an EMS theoretical account. Decrease of hurts, bar of environmental impact, protection of employees and understating losingss can be done by effectual preparation and readying to exigency state of affairss. The readying for exigency state of affairss can be provided by: capacity appraisal for incidents and accidents ; preventive steps on these accidents and incidents, related to environmental impact ; doing programs and processs to react to exigency state of affairss ; regular control and monitoring of the programs and processs and understating environmental impact related to these accidents and incidents. All EMS executions, processs and instructions should be continuously revised and updated. Checking is the assessment procedure, which assesses the effectivity of the plan and evaluates how execution of the plan meets plan aims. The assessment procedure is based on monitoring and measuring of environmental public presentation betterment of an administration. Internal audits are measuring whether the EMS of an administration meets the demands of ISO14001. Internal environmental hearers should be trained on appropriate issues. The effectivity of an EMS mostly depends on monitoring facets, which deals with disagreements of criterions. Monitoring and measurings helps an administration to measure environmental public presentation, conformity by the legal demands, place jobs, analyze root causes of jobs, happening ways to rectify jobs and bettering public presentation and effectivity. Identification and probe of jobs and their causes allows an administration to do disciplinary and preventive steps for the hereafter. Prevention of jobs is by and large far more cost-efficient than repairing them after the fact. Evidence of a on the job EMS is records. Record direction seems a bureaucratic procedure, but on occasion administrations need to supply EMS execution grounds to the 3rd parties ( e.g. clients, some authorities administrations and the populace ) . Administration of an administration decides what records should be kept, how and how long to maintain them. It ‘s really of import to stress needed EMS records to show execution of environmental public presentation betterment. Regular audits can be peculiarly valuable by supplying nonsubjective grounds that an EMS is implemented harmonizing to the demands. Regular audits critically evaluate the effectivity of EMS execution, consistently place and describe to disposal of administration on a deficiency of EMS execution. It provides a great chance to better activities on EMS execution, better environmental public presentation and do the system more cost-efficient. Acting is based on the appraisal procedure to take action for continual betterment of an EMS, which is performed by caput direction. The policy of EMS, objectives, marks and action programs must be reviewed annually by members of the Environmental Management Committee. Results of the EMS execution reappraisal should be reported to head direction, demonstrate to staff and happen out marks, aims, related actions and other elements of EMS that need to be changed. Management reappraisal is an of import cardinal component of an EMS for continual betterment, which besides provides a great chance for EMS execution to be effectual and low-cost. The procedure of a direction reappraisal should affect competent people, who have appropriate cognition and experience and who are decision-makers of the administration. All direction reappraisal meetings should be recorded and supply inside informations on what issues were discussed and what determinations and actions are selected for implementing.

About the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal Collapse

About the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal Collapse A huge chunk of Terminal 2E at the Charles-de-Gaulle Airport came crashing down in the early morning of May 23, 2004. The shocking event killed several people at the busiest airport in France, about 15 miles northeast of Paris. When a structure fails on its own accord, the event may be more frightening than a terrorist attack. Why did this structure fail in less than a year after opening? The 450-meter long terminal building is an elliptical tube constructed of concrete rings. French architect Paul Andreu, who also designed the French terminal for the English Channel Tunnel, drew upon principles of tunnel construction for the airport terminal building. Many people praised the futuristic structure at Terminal 2, calling it both beautiful and practical. Since there were no internal roof supports, passengers could move easily through the terminal. Some engineers say that the terminals tunnel shape may have been a factor in the collapse. Buildings with no internal supports must rely entirely on the outer shell. However, investigators quickly pointed out that it is the role of engineers to assure the safety of an architects designs. Leslie Robertson, a chief engineer of the original twin towers at the World Trade Center, told the New York Times that when problems occur, its usually in the interface between architects, engineers, and contractors. Reasons for Collapse The collapse of a 110 foot section killed four people, injured three others, and left a 50 by 30 meter hole in the tubular design. Was the fatal collapse caused by design flaws or oversights in construction? The official investigation report clearly said both. A part of Terminal 2 failed for two reasons: Process Failure: A lack of detailed analysis and inadequate design checking allowed construction of a poorly engineered structure. Structural Engineering Failure: A number of design flaws were not caught during construction, including (1) a lack of redundant supports; (2) poorly placed reinforcing steel; (3) weak outer steel struts; (4) weak concrete support beams; and (5) low resistance to temperature. After the investigation and careful disassembling, the structure was rebuilt with a metal framework built upon the existing foundation. It reopened in the spring of 2008. Lessons Learned How does a collapsed building in one country affect construction in another country? Architects have become increasingly aware that complicated designs using space-age materials require the watchful oversight of many professionals. Architects, engineers, and contractors have to be working from the same game plan and not copies. In other words, writes New York Times reporter Christopher Hawthorne, it is in translating the design from one office to the next that mistakes are amplified and become deadly. The collapse of Terminal 2E was a wake-up call for many firms to use file-sharing software such as BIM. At the time of the disaster in France, a multi-billion dollar construction project was underway in northern Virginia - a new train line from Washington, D.C. to Dulles International Airport. The subway tunnel was designed similarly to Paul Andreus Paris airport. Could the D.C. Metro Silver Line be doomed to disaster? A study prepared for U.S. Senator John Warner of Virginia noted a major difference between the two structures: The subway station, simply put, is a circular tube with air flowing down the middle of it. This hollow tube can be contrasted to Terminal 2E, which was a circular tube with air flowing outside of it. The outer casing of Terminal 2E was subjected to great temperature changes causing the outer steel to expand and contract. The study concluded that a complete design analysis would have predicted all structural deficiencies within the Paris airport. In essence, the collapse of Charles-de-Gaulle Airport Terminal was preventable and unnecessary had oversight been in place. About Architect Paul Andreu French architect Paul Andreu was born July 10, 1938 in Bordeaux. Like many professionals of his generation, Andreu was educated as an engineer at the École Polytechnique and as an architect at the prestigious fine arts Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand. He has made a career of airport design, beginning with the  Charles-de-Gaulle (CDG) in the 1970s. From 1974 and throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Andreus architecture firm was commissioned to build terminal after terminal for the growing air traffic hub. The extension of Terminal 2E opened in the spring of 2003. For nearly forty years Andreu held commissions from the Aà ©roports de Paris, the operator of Paris airports. He was the Chief Architect for the building of the Charles-de-Gaulle before retiring in 2003. Andreu has been cited as shaping the face of aviation internationally with his high-profile airports in Shanghai, Abu Dhabi, Cairo, Brunei,  Manila, and Jakarta. Since the tragic collapse, he has also been cited as an example of architectural hubris. But Paul Andreu designed buildings other than airports, including the  Guangzhou Gymnasium in China, the Osaka Maritime Museum in Japan, and the Oriental Art Center in Shanghai. His architectural masterpiece may be the titanium and glass National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing - still standing, since July 2007. Sources The Architectural Blame Game by Christopher Hawthorne, The New York Times, May 27, 2004 Paris Air Terminal Collapse Report by Christian Horn, Architecture Week, architectureweek.com/2005/0427/news_1-1.html Investigation of Tysons Central 7 Rail Station - Case Study: Terminal 2E Roof Collapse, Prepared for Senator John Warner by Chance Kutac and Zachary Webb, Technical Office of Senator John Warner, November 22, 2006, pp. 9, 15 [PDF at www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/hart/333t/documents/FinalReport2_07.pdf accessed May 24, 2004] propos and architecture, Paul Andreu website, paul-andreu.com/ [accessed November 13, 2017] Paris airport collapse blamed on design by John Lichfield, Independent, February 15, 2005, independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-airport-collapse-blamed-on-design-483590.html Terminal to reopen at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris by Nicola Clark, The New York Times, March 28, 2008, nytimes.com/2008/03/28/world/europe/28iht-cdg.html Gordon, Alastair. Naked Airport: A Cultural History of the Worlds Most Revolutionary Structure. University of Chicago Press Pbk. Ed. / edition, University of Chicago Press, June 1, 2008.

CRITICAL THINKINKG Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRITICAL THINKINKG - Annotated Bibliography Example From the survey, only 505 boys and 390 girls had the acceptable levels of fat content in their skins. The research measured the fat content in three major skinfolds which were the triceps, abdominal fat and subscapular fat. The research indicates that 14.3% of all boys examined were centrally obese, whereas 18.2% fell in the same criterion. The research which largely centers on BMI of children indicates that childhood obesity is a central cause of adulthood obesity. Rawlins, E, Baker, G, Maynard, M, & Harding, S 2013, Perceptions of healthy eating and physical activity in an ethnically diverse sample of young children and their parents: the DEAL prevention of obesity study, Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 26, 2, pp. 132-144 This research focuses on obesity among children between the ages of 8 and 13 years. The research assesses the dietary intakes of 70 children, 31 male and 39 female. The research equally compared the results from the survey to the interviews of 43 parents, 34 of whom were mothers and the remaining 9 were single or divorced fathers. Rawlins et al (2013), show that the lack of education on healthy living in the school curriculum, in the UK and the rest of the world, is the core cause of morbid and central obesity among students. However, the research also focused on ethic and cultural education or dietary preference and the linkage between ethnicity and obesity among students in the United Kingdom. In addition to ethnicity, social-economic backgrounds were a variable used in the research. The paper concludes that diversity in most cultural frameworks shaped the lifestyle of children in various schools due to the peer influence. In the UK, as Penn and Kerr (2014) present, 30% of all children aged 2-25 years are obese. The paper further indicated that obesity in early childhood translated in increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer later in life.

Effects of mobile phone use on health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of mobile phone use on health - Essay Example This paper â€Å"Effects of mobile phone use on health† investigates the fast expansion in mobile technologies, ICT in education, and robotics invention. Computers play significant role in the development of digital technologies and are imposed to fast change and growth in the domain of communicating and information delivery. Developmental issues in the area of computing can be viewed from different points. Current report emphasises the relation of recently appeared mobile technology and human health. The report is important to consider due to human concern of health issues as well as governmental regard to the increased cancer cases and its possible outcome of mobile use. The report is structured in the following way: two groups of people are chosen to participate; with the help of independent experts, groups from recommendations and minister for public health research covers current issues in the development of mobile connection and its impact on cancer. The paper further de scribes the work of every group and how it helped to realize research. The first groups was used to get statistical information on the use of mobile phones and helps to indicate the expected growth of the indicator for the following periods. The group also looked at the specific technology used and mobile phone operators, as well as the advantages that mobile phones bring with them. The first group also helped to define radiofrequency radiation usage, electromagnetic compatibility, fields from mobile phone systems.... They also wanted to find out whether the side of the head at which the phone was held made any difference or whether the area in which the phone was being used was linked in any way to glioma. From the discussion and conclusion part of the paper it is needed to make an outline that there were two reports received by the results of the first and the second group study. The first report is a general overview of the mobile phone usage while the the second report is focused entirely on finding a link between mobile phones and a specific type of brain tumour. In the end, although there is no definite evidence or proof that mobile phones effect human health, both groups are correct in my view of the "precautionary approach"(Stewart et al 2000), limiting calls were possible especially amongst children. Robotics Present report presents an investigation on the invention of robots and their ability to think. The paper consists of abstract, introduction, discussion and conclusion. First, the author introduces the concept of robotics and demonstrates research group that were used for the reflection of data in the paper, then the discussion of two working groups is provided, finally the general overview of the future of robots and concluding remarks are given. The first research presented in report is called Flocking Seven Dwarf Robots. The group carried out this research in order to find out about a robots ability to learn from another one and to ultimately define their ability to work in a team. The second research group refers to A Tale of Two Filters - Online Novelty Detection. This research that was carried out was all about detecting unexpected features within an environment. The group wanted to use robots and learning

Research in logistics and Suppy chains system Essay

Research in logistics and Suppy chains system - Essay Example In addition, the terminals are under attack by capacity constraints, inadequate decision-making techniques, and congestion as well as environment issues. Such daunting challenges result from the terminals negation of potentially significant pipe flow models of container terminals logistic process (Kuznetsov at al. 2015). Therefore, the modelling of terminals dealing with containerization traffic is still rare. Accordingly, there is an ineffective Container Terminal Logistic Systems that is chief in the present international logistics. There should be an adequate modelling to ensure smooth operation of the terminals. However, the terminals efficient operation lacks satisfactory models to ensure smooth operation. Such an inadequacy is caused by increased number of containers without simultaneous risen in the terminals capacity. In addition, the top management is silent on such expansive strategies as they negate potentially pipe flow models of the container terminal logistic procedure. Such negligence results in constraints such as poor decision-making techniques (Talley 2007). The counteractive objective is, therefore, to design and develop a dynamic operation view. There is a need to increase the operational levels model simulation of the whole logistical procedure encompassing export and import flows (ElMesmary at al. 2014). Finally, there is a need to validate the base simulation model to enable scenario evaluation and its subsequent testing to gauge the operational alteration impacts in the terminals. The metric for assessing the goal and make the ideas of possible routes accomplish the ideal situation is to design and establish a dynamic perspective of the terminal operation. In addition, an increased operational level of the model simulation would be feasible. Such should collapse into a validation of the base simulation model that enable scenario evaluation. Also, the scenario testing will help assess the impacts of

An Inferential Statistic of Housing Problems Assignment

An Inferential Statistic of Housing Problems - Assignment Example The null hypothesis of equal variances is rejected and it is concluded that there is a difference between the variances in the population.It is called heteroscedasticity. Some of the procedures typically assuming homoscedasticity are the ANOVA, t-tests.Levene's test is often used before a comparison of means. When Levene's test shows significance, one should switch to generalized tests, free from homoscedasticity assumptions. Since the p-value is less than 0.05 ( 0.000) in this case hence homoscedasticity or equal variances cannot be assumed. The computed t statistic is 6.95 which is more than the assumed or critical t statistic of 6.82 for assuming equal variance. The degree of freedom is hence retained as 957.51 and the p values as stated is

Effect of Learning Environment on Child Arithmetic Skills

Effect of Learning Environment on Child Arithmetic Skills Abstract The main aim of this experiment is to find out whether learning environments will affect children’s arithmetic skills. The hypothesis is children in kindergarten will performed better in arithmetic skills than children receiving home-schooling (N=40). These 40 children will be categorize into 2 groups, Boys and Girls and according to their learning environments, they are sub-grouped into kindergarten and home learning environments. Two different arithmetic tasks were carried out to assess the children skills. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks and at the end of the last week, all the scores were tabulated for the groups. A factorial between design was used in this experiment The statistical analysis yielded support for the hypothesis that children who study in kindergarten score better than children who study at home. However, due to lack of generalisation to population, further replication of the study is recommended with adequate sample size. How Learning Environments Affect Children Arithmetic Skills Acquiring basic literacy skills bring about a significant change to the advances in  research and educational practices. The preschooler years are viewed as the point whereby those kids are at their crucial point to learn the basic abilities of learning in how to read and write. So there is a dilemma for parents whether they should send their child to kindergarten or they should go along with homeschooling. Children tend to learn numbers counting before language acquisition and formal education (Lipton Spelke, 2003; Xu, Spelke, Goddard, 2005). As the child progress, his numerical accuracy gradually refined throughout his childhood until he gained more insightful knowledge in later year. (Halberda Feigenson, 2008). Subsequently, with language acquisition, children will understand the numbers in words and break them in smaller groups (Wynn, 1996), that are within their counting range and gradually move outside of the range to know more numbers (Lipton Spelke, 2006). Talking about cognitive development in children, Jean Piaget (1896) had devoted all his life to study how children think and not to just what children know. Piaget believes that children are able to seek understanding of the world through the process of assimilation and accommodation. Therefore, Piaget placed great emphasize on cognitive development associated with the experience and not social interaction. Another perspective of cognitive development is a Russian psychologist Lev  Vygosky(1896). Vygosky focused on culture and society when it comes to cognitive learning ability. He believed that children learn differently when they are learning independent as compared to learning under the guidance of a more capable partner. This is what he called ‘zone of proximal development†. In conclusion, Vygosky believed that cognitive development is affected by social interaction as compared to be independent. The difference in how Piaget and Vygotsky’s approaches to children cognitive development are the concept of individualistic and social processes. On a research study by Rea and Reys (1970), before children start to enrol in formal education, they are equipped with little of mathematical understanding .Children from early age is constantly practicing their counting skill. Geary (2004)stated that childrens counting abilities could be seen as a combination of inherent constraints and inductions based on counting experiences Seo and Ginsburg (2004) studied the types of informal mathematical activities which four- and five-year-old children express in natural settings during free play. Children demonstrated five mathematical categories; classification activities, magnitude activities, enumeration activities, dynamics and pattern and shape activities. According to Sarama and Clements (2009), children construct mathematics notions as they get actively engaged in the following sorts of play: sensorimotor or manipulative play, symbolic constructive play, symbolic dramatic play and games with rules. Children getting involved in play use it as a means to get them in problem solving situations to develop their thinking on mathematical ideas and procedures. Informal mathematical knowledge undergoes considerable development during the  preschool years and provides a basis for the later acquisition of formal mathematics in the school context (Clements and Sarama 2007). In this sense, successful early childhood instruction builds on children’s informal knowledge and supports the linkage of this prior thinking to more analytical mathematical representations, while taking into account diversity in terms of language, culture, needs and interests. Children possess informal knowledge of many complex mathematical ideas, enjoy the challenges of playing with these complex ideas and, with adult or peer guidance, they can achieve greater understanding than previously expected (Ginsburg, Greenes and Balfanz 2003). It was hypothesized in this study that children who receive education in kindergarten performed better in their arithmetic skills as to children who are receiving their education at home. Another hypothesis in this study is that boys in both school and home will score higher than girls in home and school environment in the assessment test. Methods Participants There will be a total of 40 toddlers involve in this experiment and they are staying at the same community area. They will be divided into 10 male and 10 female toddlers will attend the designated kindergarten while the remaining toddlers will be receiving home schooling at their own respective homes.The age of the toddler will be 5 years old for both genders to ensure fairness of their learning capability. The two different teaching environments that are set for this experiment will be at a kindergarten or at the toddlers’ homes Materials Math ability task. Math ability was measured using the Early Number Concepts component of the British Ability Scales II (Elliot et al., 1996). This math test comprises 24 items that assess various basic numerical competencies through four items (Recognizing numbers names and numerals, identifying quantitative relationships and matching corresponding Number estimation task Three number lines were used: 0 –10, 0 –20 and 0 –100. Each line was 25-cm long, with 0 on the left end and 10, 20, or 100 on the right end, depending on the scale. Procedure The 20 children will be divided into 2 groups according to their genders and in each group, they will be further split in another two groups, based on their learning environments kindergarten or home schooling. The children were instructed to follow the instructions in accordance to each task. The children are shown pictures and they were told to use pencil to circle the correct answer in the given questions. Next, they were told to match the same shapes from a group of mixed shapes of all sizes. Lastly, they were given simple basic addition and subtraction problems to solve and verbally voice out the answer. The total scores for the worksheet will be 20 marks. Results A factorial between groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the effects of gender and learning environments on children’s arithmetic skills. Shapiro-Wilk and Levene’s test were used to evaluate the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance respectively. Neither was violated. Levene’s statistics for the test of equality is non-significant with F (3, 36) = .679, p=.571. The results for ANOVA was statically significant with children who attend kindergarten performed better than children who did not attend kindergarten with F (1, 36) = 8.112, p=.001, Õ ²2= .184, as well as statistically significant main effect for practice, F( 1, 36) = 1.073, p=.307, Õ ²2= .029. However, there is no significant interaction indicated that the effect of different learning environments on children’s arithmetic skills are associated with gender differences, F(1,36)= 1.00,p=0.01. The nature of the interaction is shown in Figure 1. Discussion This study aims to find out whether 5-year old children who attend kindergarten tend to have better arithmetic skills than children who have home schooling. This is a double blind experiment whereby both experimenter and children are unaware of what are there being tested, this is to protect the experiment from having the observer-expectancy effect. It was hypothesized that children who attend kindergarten tend to have higher scores than those children who have home schooling, and it was supported by the data using two-way analysis of variances (ANOVA). The data showed that there is a significant difference of the scores between the two learning environments. The two approaches that Piaget and Vygotsky had come across with are closely associated with the type of learning environments which children learn their cognitive skills in both kindergarten and home schooling. Children who attend kindergarten tend to be following Vygotsky’s concept of ‘zone of proximal development whereby children are able to learn under an adult’s supervision while children who receive educations at home from their parents, the home-schoolers are moving towards Piaget’s teaching as the children depend on themselves to gain knowledge about what is happening around them. As the child progresses from infants, his/her ability to learn also progresses along with the growth. Infants demonstrated word segmentation ability when adults were talking to them. When they reach the preschool age, environment play a significant role in their learning ability. At this age group, they are prone to pick up new information quickly even though it is an adult conversation (Whitehurst Valdez-Menchaca, 1988). So, the new information that the child had picked up, if the learning environment and the caregivers reinforces them to gain a better understanding of the things around them, the child will be more advanced in learning new skills. Therefore, in order for child to acquire good arithmetic skills, they can be exposed to more numbers-related information and problems and a positive reinforcement learning environment to gain better understanding of arithmetic problems. However, despite the fact children at the early onset toddlers’ age they are constantly using their arithmetic skills during their playtime with other children such as counting the numbers in their group and dividing themselves up for their games, but parents’ are always looking for educational videos to stimulate those children’s intellectual development at home(McCormick, 1998),which indeed raises the children’s academic achievement but it lowers their expectancies of success and pride in accomplishments in their future (Deborah.,et,al., 1995). Studies are consistent with the hypothesis that children tend to gain better cognitive development in kindergarten as children are exposed to active interaction conservations, feedbacks and corrections are given to them so they are able to understand the concept better to avoid future mistakes. There are some limitations in this experiment. First limitations is generalization of the population, the sample size of this children was taken at one community area and the conclusions are based on the responses of those pre-schoolers children that have yet to have better understanding of the world. Therefore it does not generate enough data to prove that this experiment is reliable. This greatly reduces the external validity of this experiment. Second limitation is the history effect whereby some children are enrolled in other arithmetic classes that could possibly allow them to score higher than the others and eventually lead them to become outliers in the groups. This is one of the confound variable which this experiment had failed to control. Therefore, further studies are needed to eliminate this variable and including a control group will eliminate this confound. In conclusion, there are some improvements that need to make for this experiment to have better reliability and usefulness to the population. Researchers who are curious about how children acquire higher level of arithmetic abilities or cognitive development should conduct more studies and analyse how different age groups solve problems or question with increasing difficulty under different learning environments, what are some of the tools that they use to assist them in the process of learning, and last of all, the interaction between gender and learning environment should be further analyse and require further research.